PMD-85 colorAce 2024
I started work or play with new Microchip AVR devices: ATMega4809-PF in DIL40 package and AVR128DB28.
ATMega4809-PF is product of post-2016 merge of Atmel with Microchip company.
The ATMega4809-PF is a new (and the only new) single-chip AVR microprocessor in a DIL40 package. Other new processors are SMT versions, e.g., TQFP.
A quick look at the datasheets, which have added a few hundred pages, gives a glimpse of the new product from the megaAVR 0 series family. Among the main novelties, I consider 48 KB flash and 6 KB RAM, while the flash content is mirrored in the address space of 64 KB RAM due to better addressing, not only through LPM instructions. Hence, the exotic 48KB and not 64KB. The RAM size is not a power of two, for example, 8KB.
* I consider the integration of the internal 16/20MHz oscillator a big plus, meaning no external piezo crystal or capacitors are needed. We save outlets and the price of the board.
* Another big plus is doubling the speed of CBI and SBI—setting and resetting the bit of a specific port. This was an early fix for some internal AVR architecture bug; after all, changing one bit in an 8-bit register can't take as long as multiplying 8-bit numbers.
* acceleration of PUSH and ST instructions (writing to stack and writing to RAM)
* Among the main disadvantages, I consider only 33 GPIO ports, of which only 2 are 8-bit PORTA and PORTD. PORTE is 4-bit, PORTC is 6-bit, PORTF is 7-bit, and the Atmega8515 still had up to 4 8-bit ports + 3-bit PORTE. GND has taken its toll, and VDD is on several pins around EMC, AVDD, and a separate UPDI pin. With the addition of the UPDI programming interface, you need to purchase another programmer or make a jtag2updi from an Atmega328 arduino like I did. The only positive is that you connect UPDI via 3 pins; SPI ISP was up to 6 pins. So usable digital GPIOs are 8+8+6+4+7=33 bits. Two pins are the power supply. The 40-35=5 pins of the DIL package cannot be used.
How can we increase, e.g., PORTC to 8-bit? I think it can be done by mapping PC6 and PC7 bits that actually exist via CCL (custom configurable logic) to other ports/pins, for example, PF0=PC6 and PF1=PC7. So we get a full-fledged 8-bit port C. When we have 3 8-bit ports, that's good for us because even the 8080 processor had a 16-bit address and an 8-bit data bus. We'll be fine...
* The advantage of Microchip's new approach is creating a CPU line with scaled FLASH 8,16,32, 48 KB, and 28,32,40,48 pin cases. Even this already gives 16 options + different cases for SMT TQFP, MFR, QFN, and SSOP. This provides realistic dozens of combinations * If you choose an unsuitable CPU, expect 52 weeks of storage. I decided for the ATmega4809-PF, the only one in the DIL40 case. Inside is the same chip as for the TQFP 48 case; only 8 pins are not connected. It's pretty logical and beautiful. Attention—the TQFP 48 case is cheaper than the DIL40. Here, I hesitated whether to go classic (few expensive pins) or SMT (future). * The increased complexity of the ATMega4809 microcomputer is confusing. Golden ATmega. There are so many IO registers, and most of them are memory mapped - MMIO. But there is an effort to clean up. For example, when there are 6 USARTs, each is the same. They differ only in the base address. Each one then has its own 16 registers. * Assembly language programming is no longer for the masses; it's not in the manual, but we'll try.
I created an LED blinker (LED blink or flasher) as a first project to test the new mega4809 processor. Of course, it is connected to PORTE0 through a resistor. I couldn't find a sample program in the assembler anywhere for such a simple thing, so I created it.
AVRA Ver. 1.4.2 pmd.asm Fri Apr 12 09:55:28 2024
; mega4809 test
; BLINK LED DIODE connected to PORTE0 (pin 19 on DIL40 ATMEGA4809-PF)
; pure assembly language
; (c) wurmi 2024
; for program device use command: avrdude -c jtag2updi -p m4809 -P /dev/ttyUSB0 -U flash:w:pmd.hex
.device ATmega4809
.def _zero = r10
.def _255 = r22
.equ xDDRE = 0x0480+0
.equ xPORTE = 0x0480+0x04
.equ DDRE = 0x10+0
.equ PORTE = 0x10+1
.equ PINE = 0x10+2
; CPU is base 0x0030
.equ CPU = 0x0030
.equ SPL = CPU+0x0D
.equ SPH = CPU+0x0D+1
.equ CPU_CCP = CPU+4
.equ RAMEND = 0x3FFF
.def XH = r27
.def XL = r26
.def YH = r29
.def YL = r28
.def ZH = r31
.def ZL = r30
; base of CLKCTRL is 0x0060
.equ CLKCTRL= 0x60
.equ MCLKCTRLB = CLKCTRL + 0x01
; PORTE0 is LED diode
.cseg
C:000000 24aa clr _zero
C:000001 ef6f ldi _255,0xff
C:000002 ef0f ldi r16, low(RAMEND)
C:000003 e31f ldi r17, high(RAMEND)
C:000004 bf0d out SPL,r16
C:000005 bf1e out SPH,r17 ; set STACK POINTER
C:000006 ed08 ldi r16,0xD8 ; magic unlock
C:000007 bf04 out CPU_CCP, r16
C:000008 92a0 0061 sts MCLKCTRLB, _zero ; disable prescaller /6 -> run at full 16/20 MHZ
C:00000a bb60 out DDRE, _255 ; whole PORTE to output
main:
C:00000b d004 rcall delay
C:00000c 9888 cbi PORTE,0 ; output 0 to PORTE0; or set whole PORTE to zeroes: out PORTE, _zero
C:00000d d002 rcall delay
C:00000e 9a88 sbi PORTE,0 ; output 1 to PORTE0; or set whole PORTE to ones: out PORTE, _255
C:00000f cffb rjmp main ; forever blinking
delay:
C:000010 e4e2 ldi ZL,66
de1:
C:000011 d003 rcall delay_ffff ; subroutine call
C:000012 95ea dec ZL
C:000013 f7e9 brne de1
C:000014 9508 ret
delay_ffff:
C:000015 efaf ldi XL,255
de3:
C:000016 efbf ldi XH,255
de2:
C:000017 95ba dec XH
C:000018 f7f1 brne de2
C:000019 95aa dec XL
C:00001a f7d9 brne de3
C:00001b 9508 ret
Used memory blocks:
code : Start = 0x0000, End = 0x001B, Length = 0x001C (28 words), Overlap=N
Segment usage:
Code : 28 words (56 bytes)
Data : 0 bytes
EEPROM : 0 bytes
Assembly completed with no errors.
PMD85 - in an AVR128DA28
AVR128DA28 je podivný MCU. Je to 8bitové AVR so 128KB FLASH, 16 KB RAM, bežiace na 24 MHz. Čiže poskytuje relatívne vysoký 8bitový procesor s veľa RAM, veľa FLASH. Ak nerátame radu Xmega, tak celkom vysoké parametre. Vie byť zapúzdrený v DIL28 púzdre. Ale - toto púzdro je také núdzové, poskytuje len 22 IO portov. Púzdria sa v 32, 48, 64 napr TQFP, VQFP. TQFP 64 púzdre mám a šokovalo ma malými rozmermi 10x10 mm. Na dĺžke 10 mm je totiž 16 pinov. To bude radosť spájkovať.
Ako prvé čo som spravil bol blikač. OK, bliká. Ďalšie experimenty smerovali k pripojeniu VGA monitora, monochrómne. Tu som si tak experimentoval, obraz som vygeneroval, pekný, ale trochu sa triasol. Skúšal som to fixnúť, a to tak že interný high-freq oscilátor som skúsil tuniť (ladiť),